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The Long Term Effects Of Racism - 961 Words

Racism causes individuals to devalue themselves, and can lead to self-hatred. Numerous surveys and experiments conducted by researchers have shown the long-term effects of racism on different ethnic and racial groups. In surveys conducted by Camara P. Jones, research director of Social Determinants of Health for the CDC and a specialist on the health impact of racism, she found out that white people rarely spend time thinking about their race during the day. But 22% of blacks surveyed said they constantly think about their race, and 50% said they think of race at least once a day – they are constantly reminded of their blackness, Jones claimed. That has a profound effect on health (â€Å"Racism Is Harmful To Your Mental Health†). As racism†¦show more content†¦He said it was a matter of ihtiram, a matter of respect. He and Farzana moved their things into the hut in the backyard, where he was born. I pleaded for them to move into one of the guest bedrooms upstai rs, but Hassan would hear nothing of it. ‘What will Amir agha think?’ he said to me. ‘What will he think when he comes back to Kabul after the war and finds that I have assumed his place in the house?’ (Hosseini 219). Similar to people of colour, the Hazaras were also extremely despised, and looked down upon in Afghanistan. They were often kept as servants, as shown through Hassan’s case, in which his family had been servants for Amir’s family, and they were considered of lower value and worth than the Pashtuns. From an early age in his childhood, Hassan has therefore dealt with racial segregation and actions expressing distaste towards him from the larger community. It was very clear that as someone of lesser authority and worth due to his ethnicity, he was merely someone who did housework for Amir. When society itself is promoting acts of racism and disdain toward the Hazaras while often keeping them as slaves, those who are of that group cannot help but feel unsafe, or unhappy with the ethnicity they were born into. The hatred towards the Hazaras can lead to the victims slowly believing these insults. This would make them hesitant to approach others for fear of being humiliated ab out their race. Hassan’s decrease in self-worth is evident when heShow MoreRelatedEnding The Cycle Of Minority1585 Words   |  7 PagesCycle of Minority Crippling Race is a term that society has created. The term has had a long history within the United States and has grown in both the complexity of its meaning and effects as time has progressed. Before race and physical characteristics were used as a way of dividing people, nation’s would sort their population based on religion, social status and language. The concept of Race and Racism has proven to be enduring, and has had underlying effects on our nation’s social and economicRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1709 Words   |  7 Pagesa world with one predominant culture, those perceived as different from the norm are associated with negative images and treated inferior to the superior culture. The negative images associated with color, specifically blackness, has a detrimental effect on the victims who are racially stereotyped. The character Othello is a unique character in English literature, because unlike the other members of society, Othello is an outsider in Venic e. He is a black man living in a white world, married to aRead MoreThe Effects Of Social Inequalities On Society Essay1614 Words   |  7 PagesExamining the Effects of Social Inequalities Social inequalities are present in all forms of personal and professional aspects of society. As an educator, efforts must be put forth to recognize and eliminate inequalities that exist, analyze educational structures that limit the human potential, examine the role of culture in learning, and explore linguistically diversity and learning. Therefore many individuals are not willing to develop relationships of trust due to the human inequalities or personalRead MoreEnvironmental Racism : Environmental Discrimination1677 Words   |  7 PagesEnvironmental Racism Environmental racism refers to the inappropriate exposure of low-income or minority individuals to heavy chemicals, pollution, toxic wastes, pesticides, and, most importantly, clean air. According to Bullard, environmental racism refers to racial discrimination in environmental policy making, decision making, and/or any practice which results in equitable distribution of environmental burdens borne by society and based on race or color (qtd. in Revalthi 199). 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Having the entire future generation jeopardized by the concept of racism is indeed a pain that will hurt anyone who has love for his/her community. Morrison believes that the lives and relationships of people are affected by racism as she remarks â€Å"Because of it, people do all sorts of things in theirRead MoreRacism s Impact On Our Society1625 Words   |  7 PagesVassar College Faculty ID Makes Everything OK†, he cites many examples of pieces of racism that he witnessed in Poughkeepsie, New York, a small town in New York on the Hudson River. This town is the last place where the stereotypes suggest racism lives, a wealthy small town in the northeast United States . Kiese Laymon looks at the experiences of black and brown people in America to highlight the effects of racism in their everyday lives. While Kiese Laymon is showing us that throughout his life heRead MoreInstitutional Racism : An Excuse Or A Reality?1504 Words   |  7 Pages18 December 2014 Institutional Racism: An Excuse or a Reality? Take a step into the tragic period between the 1940s and ’60s and imagine how prevalent racism was at the time. In a historic period during the Civil Rights movement and even later, how would we portray racism within America? Was it in its beginning stages? Or had it hit its highest point? It’s commonly known that racism was at its height around these intimidating moments. However, when compared to racism in America this last decade,Read MoreRacism : Racism And Racial Discrimination1425 Words   |  6 PagesRacism consists of ideologies and practices that seek to justify, or cause, the unequal distribution of privileges, rights or goods among different racial groups. Modern variants are often based in social perceptions of biological differences between peoples. These can take the form of social actions, practices or beliefs, or political systems that consider different races to be ranked as inherently superior or inferior to each other, based on presumed shared inher itable traits, abilities, or qualitiesRead MoreFrom the issue I stated about racism, I found that this issue is very sensitive and absurd. Racism700 Words   |  3 Pages From the issue I stated about racism, I found that this issue is very sensitive and absurd. Racism is not a wise ideal for society. In 1930, the racism was quite strong and this cause people to fight against each other. Nowadays, the issue is still going on in our society. This is just not about black people and white people but also there’s still left a bit of racism between races in Malaysia. Racism cause a massive effects on society. Back then, racism was about how the white people treat the

Identify Factors That Help Your Company to Survive and Prosper Free Essays

Well-structured business ensures that the business processes flow smoothly, and any problem that they face which hindrances their process can be solved immediately. Commonwealth Bank restructured the organization in 2001, and according to their strategic plan they will restructure in the future, to make sure the business to advance with the times. * Explanation and information As commonwealth Bank enters the global market the explanation for their services is vital. We will write a custom essay sample on Identify Factors That Help Your Company to Survive and Prosper or any similar topic only for you Order Now This is not only because of different cultures and languages in foreign markets, but also for the expanding in those markets through thorough explanation and providing information which includes the offer itself, price, conditions, rewards, benefits, etc. * Diversification and innovation During the 1970s, the Commonwealth bank diversified its business into areas like insurance and travel. After 1974, the bank also became more heavily involved in foreign currency trading and international banking in general. Commonwealth Bank created the first credit card in Australia in 1974 when it established Bankcard. In later years the bank began offering MasterCard (1984) and Visa (1993) cards as well. It is very for a firm in a service industry to be heavily innovative in order to survive in this fast growing demanding world. * Leadership, strategy and competitive advantage Commonwealth bank has a team of experienced people in its management which helps in organizing the workforce strategically. It also organizes leadership and talent based programs which allow the employees to learn the correct work attitude which they should adopt at work. Apart from this, it has also opened centers for the development of the advisors. CBA has a number of products and services which stand out from other banks. This is why at present products and services which Commonwealth has to offer have won numerous awards. On the other hand, it holds the number one position in the retail management fund of Australia and life insurance. * Maximize product satisfaction for customers CBA always makes a priority to provide products that satisfy their customers. Take credit card as an example, CBA has introduced a credit card for students with little or absolutely no income at all. By applying online for this credit cards the customers (students) get $50 cash bank into the account after activation. This can increase satisfaction level for customers and in turn make them loyal. (Commonwealth Bank, 2011). * Ethics In terms of the ethical and legal responsibilities, Commonwealth Bank has shown a firm commitment in maintaining an ethical workplace. The policy anticipates from the employees that they can easily raise their voice against the fraud and faulty conduct and bad administration done by others. The bank gives due attention to the implementation of these policies. These standards are communicated to the staff and employees from time to time. Apart from this, on the official website for Commonwealth Bank, there is a special link that lists the codes of conduct, which ensure the organization provides customers with a professional level of services. How to cite Identify Factors That Help Your Company to Survive and Prosper, Papers

Creativity in the workplace Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthelp.co

Question: Discuss about the Creativity in the workplace. Answer: Introduction Workplace Creativity forms an important part of the workplace and the more creative a business organization is the higher are its chances of growth as well as development (Mumford, Hester and Robledo 2012). Therefore, the various business organizations often focus on the concept of creativity to achieve the process of its overall growth as well as development (Baer 2012). In addition to the creative initiatives taken by the higher authorities of the business organizations the various employees as well as the partners should also try to implement the concept of creativity in their own individual job roles as well as the activities which they perform (Greenberg 2012). The individual workers should therefore take the help of creativity to enhance their performance (Sung and Choi 2014). Creativity in the workplace and individual blocks Creativity forms an important part of the working process of the company United Finance Company SAOG, where I work (Ufcoman.com. 2018). It is seen that the individual employees indulge in several creative activities like the use of creative methods to enhance their individual performances, the use of various fun activities as well as other yoga activities to create a positive atmosphere at the workplace (Anderson, Poto?nik and Zhou 2014). Themanagement of the organization also tries to take the help of the various creative activities in a bid to enhance not only the performance level of the individual employees but also to reduce the level of the work stress which the employees often feel (Beheshtifar and Zare 2013). In addition to that, themanagement of the organization also uses several creative concepts to reduce the amount of damage which the organization does to the environment, reducing the amount of electricity spent by the organization, developing new strategies by organizing meetings where the individuals who provides suggestions for the best innovative strategy are rewarded and several others (Canils and Rietzschel 2013). The primary creative block which the majority of the individuals face at the workplace is their own personal habits as well as routines which does not allow them to accept any change easily (Sung and Choi 2014). The second individual block which the various employees face at the workplace is that the process of doing their jobs in a more creative manner by thinking out of the box makes extra demands and requires them to put in extra effort into their duties which many of the employees do not feel the need to put in. it is significant to note that the majority of the employees feel that they have already been overburdened by their work duties and thus do not feel like putting in any extra amount of effort (Dawson and Andriopoulos 2014). Creativity and Innovation The concept of creativity is also used by these business organizations to enhance the level of the performance of their employees and also to create a positive work environment at the workplace. In the opinion of Teresa Amabile articulated in her famous work How to Kill Creativity in the year 1998 there are certain factors which influence the concept of creativity within the workplace. She used the following figure to give an outline of the factors which influence the process of creativity- Creativity and innovation at workplace Creativity and innovation can occur at the level of the individual, work team, organization, or at more than one of these levels combined, but will invariably result in identifiable benefits at one or more of these levels-of analysis (Reiter-Palmon, Wigert and de Vreede 2012). It is significant to note that the Componential Theory of Organizational Creativity and Innovation articulates the importance of the work environment in the process of creative and innovations used by the various business organizations (Binnewies and Gromer 2012). The Interactionist Perspective of Organizational Creativity, on the other hand, stresses on the importance of the effective interaction between the job roles which an individual is required to perform and the individual himself or herself (Binnewies and Gromer 2012). However, in the opinion of Ford articulated in his famous work Model of Individual Creative Action (1998) there are two important factors which affect the creativity as well as the innova tions used by the employees at the workplace, namely, routine and habits. Development of individual creative thinking plan I would like to say here that the company in which I work namely United Finance Company SAOG uses several innovative strategies to enhance the creativity of the employees. However, I would like to suggest a new one which the organization can take the help of in order to promote creativity among the employees. This would require the organization to launch a yearly journal where all the employees would be required to make a contribution. The contributions can be in the form of stories, poems, essays, personal experiences and any other thing but it has to be creative and should reflect the creative as well as the innovativeness of the employees concerned. The employees can also write about their work experiences but it has be original and not copied from somewhere. The active support of themanagement team will be very crucial for the success of this plan. The contributions will be accepted on a monthly basis and every month the employees will be required to submit at least one creative piece to their respective team leaders and at the end of twelve months the best piece of each employee will be selected and published in the annual journal of the company. This particular creativity activity will need not a bit of the financial resources of the company for its publication but would also require the active intervention as well as the support of themanagement team for the promotion of the idea and the selection of the works which should be published. Conclusion To conclude, creativity and innovation forms an important part of the various business organizations. The various business organizations need to take the help of the various precepts of creativity and innovation in a bid to stay ahead of their competitors as the present world of business has become much more creative than it was a few decades ago. In addition to that, the various business organizations should encourage its employees to use the concept of creativity and innovation for performing their job roles. In addition to this, the various individual employees should focus on the concept of creativity to enhance their level of performance which indirectly will lead to the overall growth as well as the development of the entire business organization concerned. Furthermore, the use of innovation as well as creativity will enable the individual employees to perform their various job roles in a much better manner and they will also get to learn to do their jobs in a much easier manne r. Therefore many business organizations take the help of the concepts of innovations and creativity to enhance not only the level of the performance of the individual employees but also the organizational performance as a whole. The use of creativity as well as innovation in the workplace will also help in the creation of a creative environment at the workplace and will enable the employees to perform in a much better manner. Thus, it can be said that the concepts of creativity as well as innovations form the core values of the majority of business organizations in the present times. Recommendations The strategies which the company can follow to enhance the individual creativity are listed below- The individuals should try to complete their work in a more innovative form by taking the help of the latest innovations and technology. The use of the latest innovations and technology will help the individuals to complete their work in a more innovative manner. The individuals should try to motivate the other employees to work in a more creative manner. This will motivate the other individuals in the workplace to perform their jobs in a more creative manner. The individuals who are more creative in comparison to others should take gthe initiative and try to tell their colleagues about the benefits of the use of creativity for the completion of their job roles. It is to be noted that when the people will see the benefits of the use of creativity they will try to use this particular concept for the completion of their job roles. The individuals can try to develop their creativity by starting an annual magazine of the business organization like the above mentioned one where the each of the employees would be required to make monthly contributions. This will help in the development of the creative and the analytical skills of the employees. The individuals can also try to develop their creativity by come up with new creative ideas for the completion of their job roles. This will not only enhance the creativity of the employees but will also help them to complete their work in a better manner. The individuals can also develop new creative measures to reduce the level of stress experienced by them at the workplace. This will help the employees to complete their job roles in a much better manner. The employees can inculcate a creative culture at the workplace by focusing more specifically on the concept of creativity. This will not only help the organization to improve their organizational culture but the overall performance of the business organization as well. References Acharya, P. and Taylor, R., 2012. Innovative deviance: An investigation of the relationships between social control, creativity and innovation in organizations. Amabile, T.M. and Pratt, M.G., 2016. The dynamic componential model of creativity and innovation in organizations: Making progress, making meaning.Research in Organizational Behavior,36, pp.157-183. Anderson, N., Poto?nik, K. and Zhou, J., 2014. Innovation and creativity in organizations: A state-of-the-science review, prospective commentary, and guiding framework.Journal of Management,40(5), pp.1297-1333. Auernhammer, J. and Hall, H., 2014. Organizational culture in knowledge creation, creativity and innovation: Towards the Freiraum model.Journal of Information Science,40(2), pp.154-166. Baer, M., 2012. Putting creativity to work: The implementation of creative ideas in organizations.Academy of Management Journal,55(5), pp.1102-1119. Beheshtifar, M. and Zare, E., 2013. Employee Creativity: A compulsory Factor in Organizations.Interdisciplinary journal of contemporary research in business,5(2), pp.242-247. Binnewies, C. and Gromer, M., 2012. Creativity and innovation at work: The role of work characteristics and personal initiative.Psicothema,24(1). Canils, M.C. and Rietzschel, E.F., 2013. A special issue of creativity and innovation management: Organizing creativity: Creativity and innovation under constraints.Creativity and Innovation Management,22(1), pp.100-102. Dawson, P. and Andriopoulos, C., 2014.Managing change, creativity and innovation. Sage. Denti, L. and Hemlin, S., 2012. Leadership and innovation in organizations: A systematic review of factors that mediate or moderate the relationship.International Journal of Innovation Management,16(03), p.1240007. Edquist, C., 2013.Systems of innovation: technologies, institutions and organizations. Routledge. Greenberg, J., 2012.Managing behavior in organizations. Pearson Higher Ed. Mumford, M.D., Hester, K.S. and Robledo, I.C., 2012. Creativity in organizations: Importance and approaches. InHandbook of organizational creativity(pp. 3-16). Rego, A., Sousa, F., Marques, C. and e Cunha, M.P., 2012. Authentic leadership promoting employees' psychological capital and creativity.Journal of Business Research,65(3), pp.429-437. Reiter-Palmon, R., Wigert, B. and de Vreede, T., 2012. Team creativity and innovation: The effect of group composition, social processes, and cognition. InHandbook of organizational creativity(pp. 295-326). Serrat, O., 2017. Harnessing creativity and innovation in the workplace. InKnowledge Solutions(pp. 903-910). Springer, Singapore. Somech, A. and Drach-Zahavy, A., 2013. Translating team creativity to innovation implementation: The role of team composition and climate for innovation.Journal of management,39(3), pp.684-708. Sung, S.Y. and Choi, J.N., 2014. Do organizations spend wisely on employees? Effects of training and development investments on learning and innovation in organizations.Journal of organizational behavior,35(3), pp.393-412. Treffinger, D.J., Schoonover, P.F. and Selby, E.C., 2012.Educating for Creativity and Innovation. Prufrock Press Inc. PO Box 8813, Waco, TX 76714. Ufcoman.com. 2018.UFC Oman - Home. [online] Available at: https://www.ufcoman.com/ [Accessed 7 Apr. 2018].

Obstruction of a Fire Protection System Essays - Firefighting

Obstruction of a Fire Protection System Student Name Instructor MOS 5301 Fire Protection Technology Columbia Southern University The fire sprinkler system in a large indoor self-storage facility is designed to ensure full and adequate protection by overlapping the radius of the sprinkler heads. This radii coverage is meant to ensure that the water reaches out to all the corners of the store and provides the ready fire response. The effectiveness of the overlapping radii coverage can be limited by the arrangement of the materials which may be stacked too high that the sprinklers fail to operate effectively. This would prevent the sprinkler heads from covering the effective range that would help them reach to the combustible hazards. The Occupational Safety and Health Association and the National Fire Prevention Association Standards require that the stacking is not done so high to block the effectiveness of the sprinkler heads. According to NFPA and OSHA, storage materials must not get closer than the 18 inch distance near the plane or close to the horizontal levels of the sprinkler (Klaus, 2014). Only the shelf-stored materials along the room's perimeter wall are allowed to go beyond the 18 inch clearance but should not come close to the sprinkler deflector. The standards also require that during the repainting of the pipes or the ceilings, the sprinkler out to be covered to prevent paint from blocking its nozzles. The maker of the sprinkler is the only party allowed to repaint it. The owner of the store is required to carry out a regular inspection of the sprinkler to ensure that it is effectively functioning and to report any malfunctions to the relevant persons. There ought to be no items hanging on the sprinklers, guards of the pipes at any time. Reference Klaus, M. J. (2014) NFPA 25 Water-Based Fire Protection Systems Handbook, 4th Edition. Quincy

Bisect and Dissect

Bisect and Dissect Bisect and Dissect Bisect and Dissect By Simon Kewin Its tempting to think that dissect and bisect mean the same thing : to cut something in two. After all, the bi- and di- prefixes both convey the meaning of â€Å"two† or â€Å"twice†. So we have bicycle (with two wheels) and dioxide (with two oxygen atoms). In fact only bisect means to cut in two. A line cutting through a circle would be said to bisect it. A river might bisect a city. The prefix of dissect is not di-, however, but dis- meaning â€Å"apart†. Its the same prefix as in words such as disintegrate (to break up into small parts) and dismember (to cut the limbs from something). Dissect means to methodically cut something into pieces rather than to merely cut it in two. So, for example, organs might be dissected in order to find out how they work. Dissect has also acquired the more figurative meaning of studying something in great detail without any literal cutting taking place. Thus a statement or report might be â€Å"dissected† to see if it contains any inconsistencies or inaccuracies. When the two words are mixed up, generally it’s the case that dissect is used when bisect is meant. Sometimes dissect is misspelled â€Å"disect† to add to the confusion. Only bisect means to cut something into two parts. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:What is the Difference Between "These" and "Those"?Social vs. SocietalComma After Introductory Phrases

Cancer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Cancer - Essay Example This often typically leads to a lump or a mass called a tumor, which are usually benign. Malignant cancers are capable of spreading to other organs as in the case of lymphoid vessels. In blood tissue, cells such as the erythrocytes or leucocytes get affected and cause leukemia. This is often characterized by an increase in the viscosity of blood. In this paper, I would like to discuss the commonly occurring types of cancers, causative factors, chemotherapy and radiation as treatment options, expenses and adverse effects associated with these treatment regimens, and the role of a healthy diet to minimize the occurrences of this disorder. Common types of cancers: As stated in the thesis outline, the most frequently observed sarcomas or cancers are those of the liver, breast, colon, prostate and lung, and has been the leading cause of death in the past five decades. Breast cancers are typically observed in post-menopausal women, and thus, it is extremely essential for periodic screening . Mammography is the technique used in this case and is usually recommended annually. Recent trends include biopsy of the breast tissue, followed by analysis for RNA content, as this biotechnology procedure sheds light on the expression of the gene responsible for cancer. A subtle marginal increase in these biological indicators, could suggest the initial phases of breast cancer. (1Popat and Smith, 2006) Prostate cancer, which is exclusive to men, is observed beyond the age of 50. Early detection is key, as the cancer could be prevented from metastasizing by surgical removal of the gland. Diagnostic procedures for liver, lung or pancreatic cancers usually entail a measurement of enzymatic levels in the body, by biochemical assays. For example, the presence of serum based prostate specific antigen (PSA) or Kallikrein indicates the possibility of prostate cancer in men or ovarian cancer in women. Or, elevated levels of alpha-fetoprotein are typical in liver cancers due to cirrhosis. ( Ullah and Aatif, 2009) Thus, biomarkers are excellent tools in the early diagnosis of various types of cancers, which help the clinician in designing the appropriate treatment protocol. Chemotherapy and radiation: The management of cancers by the administration of cytotoxic chemical agents is termed as chemotherapy. There has been a surge in the discovery of various chemical classes of cytotoxic compounds in the past few decades. Recent methods of treatment for certain rare forms of cancers include administration of a novel category of biological drugs called monoclonal antibodies. In some conditions, chemotherapy alone cannot control rapidly growing tumors and cancers. In such cases, radiation therapy is often used, either standalone, or in combination with chemotherapy. (Verweij and de Jonge, 2000) Radiation, as the name suggests involves targeting the affected tissue with high-energy electromagnetic rays (beta or gamma rays), which, on account of their short wavelength, have high penetrating powers. The energy associated with this radiation kills cells on contact. A major drawback of chemotherapeutic agents and radiation is their non-selectivity. They cannot differentiate the cancerous from the healthy cells, which results in damage to viable cells, although precision techniques such as the gamma knife are employed. Other unpleasant effects such as hair

Dose makes the poison Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Dose makes the poison - Research Paper Example Our body itself is a combination of chemical elements and compounds. It is vital to divide the chemicals present in our environment into the good ones and the harmful ones. Moreover, also focus on how the toxic and deadly effects of the chemicals can be avoided is also of importance. The story of Strong Poison by Dorothy S. Layers revolves around a mystery case of the murder of Philip Boyes by arsenic poisoning. Harriet Vane is accused of the murder of her fiancà ©, as she is a crime novelist and knows an awful lot about the novel and all the evidence points in her direction. However, Lord Peter Wimsey is convinced of her innocence and struggles to convince the jury as well. The book discusses a great deal about the arsenic poisoning and the symptoms the victim suffers from, bringing the horrifying adverse effects of a toxic chemical under highlight. It is vital to understand what is toxic in our environment and can lead to adverse effects. A toxic substance is a substance that can be poisonous or cause health effects. Toxicity of a substance is not measured on the basis of its severity of effects; it can strike a single cell, a group of cells, an organ or the whole body. It is basically measured to the degree to which it is poisonous to biological organisms including humans. Chemicals toxicity is also dependent on the dose of the chemical, route of exposure, the duration and the number of incidents of exposure, and individual’s susceptibility. In 1500s, Philippus Aureolus brought forward the argument that a chemical can be entirely harmless or even advantageous at low concentrations but the same chemical can turn into toxic at higher levels. He stated, â€Å"All substances are poisons; there is none which is not a poison. The right dose differentiates a poison from a remedy† (Trautmann). Indeed many chemicals which are beneficial at low concentrations even essential for human health can lead

A paper for oceanography based off of the book called The Eskimo and Essay - 1

A paper for oceanography based off of the book called The Eskimo and the Oil Man by Bob Reis - Essay Example ng of the global climates and the trending climatic concerns such as the global warming and the possible impacts on the ecosystem dynamics and the life supporting atmospheric portion i.e. the biosphere at large. The atmosphere and the biosphere are interrelated through the natural processes of evaporation, precipitation and the natural heat exchange processes. This refers to the study of the ecology of the marine ecosystems with regards to their surrounding ocean environment. Marine biologists study the life in the oceans (marine ecology) and as well as the total organic production in the seas and oceans. The marine life consists of the floating or weakly swimming organisms known as planktons and rapidly swimming organisms referred to as nektons. Marine oceanographers map the floors of oceans, analyze the problems of the shorelines, and study the deposits and other sediments of the ocean floor and rock layers of the earth’s crust. Biological oceanography therefore looks into the influence of the ocean’s physical, chemical and the geological characteristics on the marine ecology or ecosystems. This is the study of the Chemistry underlying the ocean environment and the processes of its interactions with the atmosphere. Chemical oceanography is looks into the chemistry of seawater, the major salts it contains, and other trace elements found in the oceans. This is the study of the physical processes of the oceans such as the mixing, waves, tides, ocean currents, water transparency density and temperature; as well as under water acoustics and sound transmission. In his book, The Eskimo and the Oil Man: The Battle at the Top of the World for America’s Future, Bob Reiss is particularly concerned with the Oil exploration strategy by the Shell Company on the North Arctic coast of Alaska, focusing on the potential threats to the Ocean, impact on the marine ecosystems and the Americans living within the neighborhood. This intertwines all the mentioned branches of

Psychological Theories on Organisational Work Conditions

Psychological Theories on Organisational Work Conditions A) Describe what psychologists have discovered about organisational work conditions. Psychologists have spent many years trying to prove or disprove the fact that organisation in the work place effects the productivity of the employees. That is to say, if work conditions such as lighting, temperature, noise and vibration do indeed affect the level to which the employees subjected to these issues work. It is proven that the correct lighting will aid a worker in producing a higher level or productivity without tiring so easily. High or low temperature extremes will lower concentration and affect the ability of the worker to continue effective production. High noise levels will detract the workers attention and may cause headaches and other physical ailments which disallow continuing success in the work place. Vibration clearly affects the work of someone needing a steady hand with these things in mind we can see with little doubt that without moderation and organisation work conditions can deteriorate at a vast pace. Work tedium and lack of motivation can be caused by bad management. B) Evaluate what psychologists have discovered about organisational work conditions. Let us first address the issue of lighting. Lighting in any instance is a highly reactive thing. In a nightclub or in a romantic setting the lighting is always dim and soft to increase the confidence of the persons involved. Why then, should this be any different in a work place? It is patently obvious that light too dim can cause someone to strain their eyes, not only meaning that they need put in more effort to gain the same results, but they may also result in physical ailments such as headaches and migraines, therefore leading to a great decrease in productivity. Light too bright and harsh can be intrusive, it can affect the workers morale, making them feel on display, and under interrogation, promoting nervousness and strain, thereby affecting the productivity of their work. Temperature is a particularly important factor of the work place. If people feel cold, they are using energy to try and warm themselves, energy that could be used in other ways. If someone is too hot, they become lethargic and listless, making them unable to apply themselves in a devoted manner to any task. Both extremes are damaging to the work place, not only do they create these physical manifestations but they also affect the mood of a worker. Someone knowing that they will be cold all day at work will eventually become unwilling to enter the work place, fearing for yet another day of shivering. Someone knowing that their work place is far too hot will also eventually become unwilling to enter the work place, they can become dehydrated and snappy, irritable with other work mates and generally spreading an unhealthy work atmosphere. High noise levels can be damaging to concentration. Whilst many people enjoy working with the background noise of some music, it is proven to be detrimental to work productivity levels if noise gets too loud. The brain will inevitably find itself split between two tasks that of the work, and that of listening to the noise, and this inevitably detracts from the quality of the work being produced. At the same time, silence or practically no noise in the work place can cause workers to become self-conscious and nervous, also not advantageous to high quality work. Vibration caused by any number of things machines in the office / warehouse where someone works, traffic outside on the street or even faulty plumbing, clearly affects the work of someone needing a steady hand. Not only is this damaging for the quality of the work, but it can also cause health problems in the long term, resulting in back pain and migraines. Bad management such as over delegation or lack of rotation between tasks can cause tedium and boredom in the work place resulting in a lack of motivation to complete the work set, and eventually a higher level of absentees as people decide that going into work is just too tedious and they begin to take ‘sick days’. C) Giving reasons for your answer, suggest how work conditions and schedules may be organised to reduce their negative effects. Most of the above issues can be monitored and regulated through good organisational management. An alert and active manager is required to motivationally ensure that his work team are in the appropriate surroundings to optimise work capacity through conditions. This will alter from work place to work place, for instance, in an office, it is appropriate to have overhead lighting that is not too intrusive and then offer the workers desk lights so that they can monitor their own lighting for their own personal comfort and therefore productivity. Offices should be kept on the warm side rather than the cool side, because staff are generally stationary and this can cause bad circulation. Sitting in the same place all day can cause coldness and effective heating which can be monitored simply is a good solution. This way the staff can operate a consensus and alter the heating if they feel the need to. The noise level should be kept at a constructive rate enough to encourage movement and act ion without negating maximum concentration. Staff should not feel self conscious on the phone or when talking because there is only silence, but loud music or television are obviously not appropriate in this case, as they would clearly detract from the workers ability to give full concentration to the business in hand. Computers should be monitored so that sound is usually turned off unless necessary so that the rest of the workers are not subjected to each computer making different noises all through the day. If the job in question is more physical, say in a warehouse, then these things may be altered. Louder music may encourage faster movement and higher activity levels, lower temperatures will be necessary because the work is more physical and worker will heat more quickly, lighting may need to be more stringent in order to avoid tripping or any accidents. Vibration in any work place is not beneficial, it will make anything involving your hands harder and most jobs do involve ta ctility. It can cause physical and bodily harm and pain and no work place wishes to subject this on its workers. Maximum attention should be given to ensure that no-one is in the situation where they are subjected to constant vibration. Lastly, this should all be overseen by a manager who has the foresight to allow for all these things, and the personal tastes of his team. He should allow change and varied job delegation in order to avoid boredom and tedium, this will give his staff a pleasant and comfortable environment in which to offer his staff diverse activities, keeping them motivated, happy and relaxed.

The Philosophy of Cognitive Science Essay -- Neurology Psychology Pape

The Philosophy of Cognitive Science Psychophysical dualism — the distinction between mind and body — is the counterposition between essentially irreducible elements: the mind and body. Such a dualism implies the main ontological problem of the philosophy of cognitive science and philosophy of mind: the mind-body problem (MBP). The dualism and the referred-to problem has been insistently discussed in the philosophical tradition and several solutions have been proposed. Such solutions are properly philosophical or require a scientific approach. First, I will expound the philosophical solution to the MBP proposed by Descartes, to be followed by an exposition of Ryle's criticisms to the solution. Second, from Ryle's criticism, I will deduce a scientific solution to the MBP related to the neural framework model of mind in cognitive science by means of what I call 'the principle of the embodiment of the mind.' Finally, I shall point out the philosophical difficulties that are to be found in using such a princip le. If I've reason, then the philosophical problems must let dissolve themselves without any rest, differently from others... — Ludwig Wittgenstein But this very attraction should make us suspicious: in the history of philosophy, attempts at showing a problem to be "pseudo-problem" have often encountered the very same difficulties that have beset attempts to solve the problem. — Hilary Putnam I - INTRODUCTION The psychophysical dualism or mind-body distinction is the counterposition between two essentially irreducible elements: soul and body. Such dualism implies, as we will show, the more discussed issue of philosophy of cognitive science and philosophy of mind: the mind-body problem (MBP, henceforth) whose the en... ...r and Zopf, Pergamon, p. 255-78, 1962). Atlan, H. Entre le Cristal et la Fumà ©e. Essai sur l'organisation du vivant. Ed. du Seuil, Paris, France, 1979. Churchland, D. P. Theories of Brain Function. In : Neurophilosophy: Towards a Unified Science of Mind and Brain, MIT Press, 1986. Descartes, R. Les Meditations Metaphysiques. Ec. Tannery & Adam: Librairie Philosophique L. Vrin, vol. IX -1, 1982. Gardner, H. The Mind's New Science: A History of Cognitive Revolution. New York, Basic Books, 1987. Guà ©roult, M. Descartes Selon l' Ordre de Raisons. Ed. Aubier, vol 1, Paris, 1964. Gonzales, M. E. Q. Neural networks and Mental Representation: An essay on Harmony and Rationality. In: Trans/ Form/Aà §Ãƒ £o, Sà £o Paulo, v. 14, p.93-108, 1991. Nagel, E. The Structure of Science: Problems in the Logic of Scientific Explanation. Routhledge & Kegan Paul, London, 1961.

Night World : Witchlight Chapter 5

Everything hung in the balance, and for a moment Keller thought that they had won. Diana's face looked different, older and more clearly defined. For all her flower-petal prettiness, she had a strong little chin. But she didn't say anything, and her eyes were still hazy. â€Å"Toby,† Grandma Harman said abruptly. â€Å"Put in the video.† Her apprentice went to the VCR. Keller stared at the tape in his hand, her heart picking up speed. A video. Could that be what she thought it was? â€Å"What you're about to see is-well, let's just say it's very secret,† Grandma Harman said to Iliana as the apprentice fiddled with the controls. â€Å"So secret that there's only one tape of it, and that stays locked up in Circle Daybreak headquarters at all times. I'm the only person I trust to carry it around. All right, Toby, play it.† Iliana looked at the TV apprehensively. â€Å"What is it?† The old woman smiled at her. â€Å"Something the enemy would really like to see. It's a record of the other Wild Powers-in action.† The first scene on the tape was live news coverage of a fire. A little girl was trapped in a second-story apartment, and the flames were getting closer and closer. Suddenly, the tape went into slow motion, and a blue flash lit the screen. When the flash died away, the fire was out. â€Å"The blue fire,† Grandma Harman said. â€Å"The first Wild Power we found did that, smothered those ordinary flames with a single thought. That's just one example of what it can do.† The next scene was of a dark-haired young man. This one was obviously deliberately filmed; the boy was looking directly into the camera. He took a knife from his belt and very coolly made a cut on his left wrist. Blood welled up in the wound and dripped to the ground. â€Å"The second Wild Power,† Grandma Harman said. â€Å"A vampire prince.† The boy turned and held out the arm that was bleeding. The camera focused on a large boulder about thirty feet away. And then the tape went into slow motion again, and Keller could actually see the blue fire shoot out from his hand. It started as a burst, but what followed was a steady stream. It was so bright that the camera couldn't deal with it; it bleached out the rest of the picture. But when it hit the rock, there was no doubt about what happened. The two-ton boulder exploded into gravel. When the dust settled, there was only a charred crater in the ground. The dark-haired boy looked back at the camera, then shrugged and targeted another boulder. He wasn't even sweating. Keller's breath came out involuntarily. Her heart was pounding, and she knew her eyes were glittering. She saw Galen glance sideways at her but ignored him. Power like that, she thought. I never really imagined it. If I had that power, the things I could do with it†¦ Before she could help herself, she had turned to him. â€Å"Don't you see? That's what you'll bring to our side if you choose to fight with us. That's what's going to give us a chance against them. You have to do it, don't you understand?† It was the wrong thing to say. Diana's reaction to the video had been completely different from Keller's own. She was staring at the TV as if she were watching open-heart surgery. Unsuccessful open-heart surgery. I don't – I can't do anything like that!† â€Å"Diana-â€Å" â€Å"And I don't want to! No. Look.† A veil seemed to have dropped down behind Diana's beautiful eyes. She was facing Keller, but Keller wondered if she actually saw anything. She spoke rapidly, almost frantically. â€Å"You said you had to talk to me, so I listened. I even watched your-your special effects stuff.† She waved a hand at the screen where the boy was blowing up more boulders. â€Å"But now it's over, and I'm going home. This is all-I don't know. It's all too weird for me! I'm telling you, I can't do that kind of thing. You're looking at the wrong person.† â€Å"We looked at all your cousins first,† Grandma Harman said. â€Å"Thea and Blaise. Gillian, who was a lost witch like yourself. Even poor Sylvia, who was seduced over to the enemy side. But it was none of them. Then we found you.† She leaned forward, trying to hold Diana with her eyes. â€Å"You have to accept it, child. It's a great responsibility and a great burden, but no one else can do it for you. Come and take your place with us.† Iliana wasn't listening. It was as simple as that. Keller could almost see the words bouncing off her. And her eyes†¦ Not a veil, Keller thought. A wall had dropped down. It had slammed into place, and Diana was hiding behind it. â€Å"If I don't get home soon, my mother's going to go crazy. I just ran out for a few minutes to get some gold stretchy ribbon-you know, the kind that has like a rubber band inside? It seems like I'm always looking for that. We have some from last year, but it's already tied, and it won't fit on the presents I'm doing.† Keller stared at her, then cast a glance heavenward. She could see the others staring, too. Winnie's mouth was hanging open. Nissa's eyebrows were in her hair. Galen looked dismayed. Grandma Harman said, â€Å"If you won't accept your responsibilities as a Wild Power, will you at least do your duty as the Witch Child? The winter solstice is next Saturday. On that night, there's going to be a meeting of the shapeshifters and the witches. If we can show them a promise ceremony between you and the son of the First House of the shapeshifters, the shapeshifters will join us.† Keller half expected Iliana to explode. And in the deepest recesses of her own heart, she wouldn't really have blamed her. She could understand Iliana losing it and saying, What do you think you're doing, waltzing in and trying to hitch me up to some guy I've never met? Asking me to fight is one thing but ordering me to marry-giving me away like some object-that's another. But Iliana didn't say anything like that. She said, â€Å"And I've still got so many presents to wrap, and I'm not anywhere near done shopping. Plus, this week at school is going to be completely crazy. And Saturday, that's the night Jaime and Brett Ashton-Hughes are having their birthday party. I can't miss that.† Keller lost it. â€Å"What is wrong with you? Are you deaf or just stupid?† Iliana talked right over her. â€Å"They're twins, you know. And I think Brett kind of likes me. Their family is really rich, and they live in this big house, and they only invite a few people to their parties. All the girls have crushes on him. Brett, I mean.† â€Å"No,† Keller answered her own question. â€Å"You're just the most selfish, spoiled little brat I've ever met!† â€Å"Keller,† Nissa said quietly. â€Å"It's no good. The harder you push her, the more she goes into denial.† Keller let out her breath. She knew that it was true, but she had never been more frustrated in her life. Grandma Harman's face suddenly looked very old and very tired. â€Å"Child, we can't force you to do anything. But you have to realize that we're not the only ones who want you. The other side knows about you, too. They won't give up, and they will use force.† â€Å"And they've got a lot of force.† Keller turned to the old woman. â€Å"I need to tell you about that. I didn't want to say it on the phone, but they already tried to get Iliana once today. We had to fight them at the mall.† She took a deep breath. â€Å"And they had a dragon.† Grandma Harman's head jerked up. Those steely lavender-gray eyes fixed on Keller. â€Å"Tell me.† Keller told everything. As she did, Grandma Harman's face seemed to get older and older, sinking into haggard lines of worry and sadness. But all she said at the end was, â€Å"I see. Well have to try to find out how they got him, and what exactly his powers are. I don't think there's anybody alive today who's an expert on-those creatures.† â€Å"They called him Azhdeha.† â€Å"Hmm-sounds Persian.† â€Å"It is,† Galen said. ‘It's one of the old names for the constellation Draco. It means ‘man-eating serpent'† Keller looked at him in surprise. He had been sitting quietly all this time, listening without interrupting. Now he was leaning forward, his gold-green eyes intense. â€Å"The shapeshifters have some old scrolls about dragons. I think you should ask for them. They might give some idea about what powers they have and how to fight them. I saw the scrolls once, but I didn't really study them; I don't think anybody has.† He'd seen the ancient scrolls? Then he was a shapeshifter, after all. But why hadn't she been able to sense an animal form for him? â€Å"Galen-† Keller began, but Grandma Harman was speaking. ‘It's a good idea. When I get them, I'll send copies to you and Keller. He's one of your people, after all, and you may be able to help figure out how to fight him.† Keller wanted to say indignantly that he wasn't any connection to her, but of course it wasn't true. The dragons had ruled the shapeshifters, once. Their blood still ran in the First House, the Drache family that ruled the shapeshifters today. Whatever that monster was, he was one of her people. â€Å"So it's decided. Keller, you and your team will take Iliana home. I'll go back to Circle Daybreak and try to find out more about dragons. Unless†¦Ã¢â‚¬  She looked at Iliana. â€Å"Unless this discussion has changed your mind.† Iliana, unbelievably, was still prattling, having a conversation about presents with nobody in particular. It was clear that her mind hadn't changed. What wasn't clear to Keller was whether she had a mind. But Keller had other things to worry about. Tm sorry-but you're not serious, are you? About taking her home?† â€Å"Perfectly serious,*' Grandma Harman said. â€Å"But we can't† â€Å"We can, and we have to. You three girls will be her bodyguards-and her friends. I'm hoping that you can persuade her to accept her responsibility by Saturday night at midnight, when the shapeshifters and the witches convene. But if not†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Grandma Harman bowed her head slightly, leaning on her cane. She was looking at Iliana. â€Å"If not,† she said in a barely audible voice, â€Å"you'll just have to protect her for as long as you can.† Keller was choking. 1 don't see how we can protect her at all. With all respect, ma'am, it's an insane idea. They have to know where her house is by now. Even if we stick beside her twenty-four hours a day-and I don't see how we can even do that, with her family around-â€Å" The white head came up, and there was even a faint curve to the old woman's lips. ‘Illtake care of that. Ill have a talk with her mother-young Anna, Elspeth's granddaughter.Ill introduce myself and explain that her daughter's long-lost cousins' have come to visit for Christmas.† And undoubtedly do something witchy to Anna's mind, Keller thought Yeah, after that they'd be accepted, although none of them looked a bit like Iliana's cousins. â€Å"And then I will put up wards around that house.† There was a flash like silver lightning in Grandma Harman's eyes as she said it â€Å"Wards that will hold against anything from the outside. As long as nobody inside disturbs them, you'll be safe.† She cocked an eyebrow at Keller. â€Å"Satisfied?† â€Å"I'm sorry-no. It's still too dangerous.† â€Å"Then what would you suggest we do?† â€Å"Kidnap her,† Keller said instantly. She could hear Iliana stop babbling in the background; she wasn't gaining any Brownie points there. She bulldozed on grimly. â€Å"Look, I'm just a grunt; I obey orders. But I think that she's too important for us to just let her run around loose where they might get hold of her. I think we should take her to a Circle Daybreak enclave like the ones where the other Wild Powers are. Where we can protect her from the enemy.† Grandma Harman looked her in the eye. â€Å"If we do that,† she said mildly, â€Å"then we are the enemy.† There was a pause. Keller said, â€Å"With all respect, ma'am-â€Å" â€Å"I don't want your respect. I want your obedience. The leaders of Circle Daybreak made a firm decision when this whole thing started. If we can't convince a Wild Power by reasoning, we will not resort to force. So your orders are to take your team and stay with this child and protect her as long as you can.† â€Å"Excuse me.† It was Galen. The others had been sitting and watching silently. Nissa and Winnie were too smart to get involved in an exchange like this, but Keller could see that they were both unhappy. â€Å"What is it?† Grandma Harman asked. â€Å"If you don't mind, I'd like to go with them. I could be another ‘cousin.' It would make four of us to watch over her-better odds.† Keller thought she might have an apoplexy. She was so mad, she couldn't even get words out While she was choking uselessly, Galen was going on. His face still looked pale and strained, like a young soldier coming back from battle, but his dark gold hair was shining, and his eyes were steady. His whole attitude was one of earnest pleading. Tm not a fighter, but maybe I can learn. After all, that's what we're asking Iliana to do, isn't it? Can we ask anything of her that we're not ready to do ourselves?† Grandma Harman, who had been frowning, now looked him up and down appraisingly. â€Å"You have a fine young mind,† she said. â€Å"Like your father's. He and your mother were both strong warriors, as well.† Galen's eyes darkened. ‘Td hoped I wouldn't have to be one. But it looks like we can't always choose.† Keller didn't know what they were talking about or why the Crone of all the Witches knew the parents of this guy she'd met in a mall. But she'd finally gotten the obstruction out of her throat. â€Å"No way!† she said explosively. She was on her feet now, too, black hair flying as she looked from Grandma Harman to Galen. â€Å"I mean it. There is no way I am taking this boy back with us. And you may be the leader of the witches, ma'am, but, no offense intended, I don't think you have the authority to make me. I'd have to hear it from the leaders of Circle Daybreak themselves, from Thierry Descouedres or Lady Hannah. Or from the First House of the shapeshifters.† Grandma Harman gave an odd snort. Keller ignored it. ‘It's not just that he's not a fighter. He's not involved in this. He doesn't have any part in it.† Grandma Harman looked at Galen, not entirely approvingly. â€Å"It seems you've been keeping secrets. Are you going to tell her, or shall I?† â€Å"I-† Galen turned from her to Keller. â€Å"Listen. I'm sorry-I should have mentioned it before.† His eyes were embarrassed and apologetic. ‘It just-there just didn't seem to be a right time.† He winced. â€Å"I wasn't in that mall today accidentally. I came by to look for Iliana. I wanted to see her, maybe get to know her a little.† Keller stared at him, not breathing. â€Å"Why?† â€Å"Because†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He winced again. â€Å"I'm Galen Drache†¦ of the First House of the shapeshifters,† Keller blinked while the room revolved briefly. I should have known. I should have realized. That's why he seemed like a shapeshifter, but I couldn't get any animal sense from him. Children of the First House weren't born connected to any particular animal. They had power over all animals, and they were allowed to choose when they became adults which one they would shift into. It also explained how he'd known which pressure points to use to get her off the dragon. And his telepathy-children of the First House could connect to any animal mind. When the room settled back into place, Keller realized that she was still standing there, and Galen was still looking at her. His eyes were almost beseeching. ‘I should have explained,† he said. â€Å"Well, of course, it was your choice,† Keller said stiffly. There was an unusual amount of blood in her cheeks; she could feel it burning. She went on, â€Å"And, naturally, I'm sorry if anything I've said has given offense.† â€Å"Keller, please don't be formal.† â€Å"Let's see, I haven't greeted you properly, or given you my obedience.† Keller took his hand, which was well made, long-fingered, and cold. She brought it to her forehead. â€Å"Welcome, Drache, son of the First House of the shapeshifters. I'm yours to command, naturally.† There was a silence. Keller dropped Galen's hand. Galen looked miserable. â€Å"You're really mad now, aren't you?† he observed. â€Å"1 wish you every happiness with your new bride,† Keller said through her teeth. She couldn't figure out exactly why she was so mad. Sure, she'd been made a fool of, and now she was going to have to take responsibility for an untrained boy who couldn't even shapeshift into a mouse. But it was more than that. He's going to marry that whiny little flower in the corner, a voice in Keller's head whispered. He has to marry her, or at least go through a promise ceremony that's just as binding as marriage. If he doesn't, the shapeshifters will never join with the witches. They've said so, and they'll never back down. And if they don't join with the witches . .. everything you've ever worked for is finished. And your job is to persuade the flower to do her duty, the voice continued brightly. That means you've got to convince her to marry him. Instead of eating her. Keller's temper flared. I don't want to eat her, she snapped back at the voice. And I don't care who this idiot marries. It's none of my business. She realized that the room was still silent, and everyone was watching Iliana and Galen. Iliana had stopped prattling. She was looking at Galen with huge violet eyes. He was looking back, strained and serious. Then he turned to Keller again. â€Å"I'd still like to help, if you'll let me come.† â€Å"I told you, I'm yours to command,† Keller said shortly. â€Å"It's your decision. I'd like to mention that it just makes things a little harder on my team. Now we're going to have to look out for you as well as her. Because, you see, you're not expendable after all.† â€Å"I don't want you to look out for me,† he said soberly. â€Å"I'm not important.† Keller wanted to say, Don't be an idiot. No you, no promise ceremony, no treaty. It's as simple as that. We've got to protect you. But she'd already said more than enough. Toby was retrieving the tape from the VCR. Grandma Harman was making getting-ready-to-rise motions with her cane. â€Å"I think we've stayed here long enough,† she said to Keller. Keller nodded stiffly. â€Å"Would you like to come in the limo? Or would you rather follow us to her house?† Grandma Harman opened her mouth to answer, but she never got the chance. Keller's ears caught the sound of movement outside just before the living room window shattered.

How has Immigration Transformed the Life and Culture of London over the Past 150 Years

How has Immigration Transformed the Life and Culture of London over the Past 150 Years Over the last one and half centuries, the United Kingdom has experienced a substantial turn up of its immigrant population.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on How has Immigration Transformed the Life and Culture of London over the Past 150 Years? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Some of the common reasons why people from other countries would move into the UK include; joining family members already living in the country, search for employment opportunities, educational needs, and escape from natural disasters or political persecution, among other reasons. Except in the recent years where the number has decreased as a result of the heightening recession, people seeking employment have always constituted the largest number of the total inflows in the UK. Among the countries whose people have continued to enjoy free movement and settlement in the UK are those who are members of the European Union, developing countries acro ss the world, and former colonies such as New Zealand, India, Canada, Australia and Jamaica. The issue of foreign inflows in the UK has been an ever-changing trend in the past one and half centuries (Hatton 2005, p. 724). However, immigrations in the country are observed to have been diverse in the 21st century than at any other moment in the country’s history. This actually is a clear indication that the practice of foreign inflow in the UK is there to stay. Constant emigration of UK citizens into other regions has always created room for more inflows in the country and this minimizes the tensions of population pressure in London, which is undoubtedly the leading absorber of majority of the foreign citizens who find their way into the country, every year. As it would be observed, immigrations into the UK, for the last one and half centuries have greatly transformed the city of London in many ways. The trend of rampant demographic changes has triggered both positive and negat ive effects to the culture and life of this diverse city.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Obviously, London has changed drastically over the past 150 years, especially with it becoming a multicultural city. The UK ranks top among the countries that receive the highest number of foreign immigrants in the world. However, many of these foreigners come from different cultural settings, thus adding up to the existing cultural strength. This trend has made London more multicultural than it would be in the years before the twentieth century. Representing about 200 countries and having over 300 languages being spoken within its boundaries, London is arguably the most multi-racial place in the world. Moreover, the city also represents every religion, culture, and faith in the world. As a matter of fact, the idea of a diverse multi-cultural setting has had a positive impact to the cityà ¢â‚¬â„¢s development and advancement, thus making it a hub of trade in the world. London has always viewed its immigrants and foreign investors as powerful assets of its economical success thus welcoming their full presence in the region (Wadsworth 2010). This way, the capital continues to benefit in many ways, out of the constant presence of foreign talent and skills. Immigration has also played a key role in the life of Londoners, through flexibility, diversity and international experience. All these have a significant role in pinpointing London’s competitive advantage in the productive economy. One way of achieving this advantage is through the provision of an elastic supply of skilled labor, which may be lacking in the domestic labor supply. More importantly, immigrants in the London city have always filled up for lower level jobs that have been turned down by the indigenous work force, and this helps in strengthening the city’s productivity and competitiveness. Ho wever, regardless of the many positive impacts of immigration into the culture and life of London, the trend has also been associated with a number of negative effects.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on How has Immigration Transformed the Life and Culture of London over the Past 150 Years? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For instance, immigrants from various geographical regions who come in the UK are rarely willing to learn and appreciate the indigenous culture, more than they are wiling to continue practicing their own culture and this poses serious threats to the way of life of the indigenous natives. To make the matter worse, some native citizens and residents have also found themselves being absorbed in the cultural styles of the foreigners, something which has resulted to gradual death of their own culture. This habit may not be acceptable in the eyes of many indigenous natives, but it has taken place in many g rounds more often. Another negative effect of immigration is that, it has substantially contributed to erosion of employment prospects in London, among other major cities in the UK, where the indigenous labor force has to compete with immigrant groups who possess lower expectations and whose labor is easily available at a cheap cost (Dustmann Fabbri 2005). Another outstanding aspect of immigration which has negatively transformed the life and culture of London is the outstanding impact this would have on the social housing needs. The demand for housing facilities is indeed the most immediate impact of foreign migrants in London and most low and middle-earning immigrants are unable to access the housing needs in the private sector, thus ending up fighting for the few available social housing facilities. The high levels of foreign demographics in the city have multiplied the numbers of persons in search for accommodation in the region and even though this has triggered further develo pments over the years, through the incentive to increase housing supply in the capital, it has also come along with a heavy price, whereby both the indigenous natives and the immigrants are forced to part with high prices for housing facilities. Housing prices in the city of London have risen significantly in the recent past, than in any other part of the country and this explains the big cost of living which the indigenous natives continue to face at the expense of immigrants (Woodridge 2005, p. 22).Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Immigration has continued to impose a significant impact in the life and the culture of the British Capital. The practice is observed to have brought mixed impacts to the region and this contributes enormously to its growth and development. As observed from this essay, the benefits of immigration have been immense to the overall development of the London city, the same reason why this trend can’t be underestimated at any face value. As a matter of fact, the British capital has always found great value in the international talent, which plays a key part in its economic development. More importantly, the migrant labor force constitutes more than one quarter of the city’s overall workforce and for this reason immigrants have directly continued to transform the life and culture of the region in many ways. Reference List Dustmann, C Fabbri, F 2005, ‘The Impact of Immigration on the British Labour Market’, The Economic Journal, vol. 115 no. 507, pp. 324-341. Ha tton, T 2005, ‘Explaining trends in UK immigration’, Journal of Population Economics, vol. 18 no. 4, pp. 719-740. Wadsworth, J 2010, ‘The UK Labour Market and Immigration’, National Institute  Economic Review, vol. 213 no. 1, pp. 35-42. Woodbridge, J 2005, Sizing the Unauthorised (illegal) Migrant Population in the United  Kingdom in 2001, United Kingdom, Home Office London.

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buy custom Ballistics essay This is an ordered field of study that deals with flights, their behaviors and the resultant effects of the projectiles. Projectiles in this field include; rockets, bullets and bombs. Ballistics may also refer to an art of designing as well as accelerating projectiles so as to achieve the desired outcome. A ballistic body is an entity that can move and its appearance texture and shape can be modified. It can also be forces or substances for instance, pressure in gases which are typically used in guns. Ballistics is a pertinent subject which helps crime investigators to determine the type of the gun used during the crime. This is because the path and the damage caused by the bullet can be assessed. (Hamilton, 1908) All weapons involve shooting the ammunitions which traditionally have cartridge cases, explosive chemical, powder and a bullet; there is also the mixing of chemicals in a pellet known as primer. In these weapons, the gunpowder and the ball are fitted inside the case and the primer is at the base of the cartridge casing of the gun. Thus, when a gun is pulled, a spark is the one that explodes the chemical powder, and the blast drives the bullet to fly forward. This happens at the end of the barrel known as the muzzle. Guns and other projectiles use kinetic energy and bullets are to resist external forces acting on them during acceleration to avoid easy deceleration. These two factors are always taken into consideration during the construction of bullets and other ammunitions. Bullets are classified according to their structure and thus there are solid ones, which are sometimes referred to as homogeneous bullets since they consist of only one material or element. There are jacketed bullets which have cores coated with a thin layer of a material of another substance and there are tracer bullets, which can be either, fully jacketed or solid bullets. In weapons, propellants are the main source of acceleration energy which enables a projectile to attain a maximum velocity. This energy is normally produced in a variety of ways, and its combustion generates a gas pressure to propel the projectile. A cartridge case serves the following function; it directs the projectile in the first section of the flight, it acts as a container for transportation of the primer and the propellants, it positions the projectile and the whole weapon, and it provides an accommodation to the extractors resistance of the missile which is responsible for a uniform combustion of the chemical powder. (Moss, 1995) The field of ballistics is subdivided into three namely; interior ballistics, exterior ballistics and terminal ballistics. Interior ballistics This is concerned with what normally happens between the cartridge that is fired and the projectile that leaves the muzzle. When the primer lights the propellant, a gas is produced which quickly builds up a greater amount of pressure. This pressure in turn pushes the projectile out of the casing and upward the barrel. The distinguishing feature of the propellant powder is that the pressure generated by the gas when at its peak is normally at the same time when the projectile commences its journey up the barrel. This explains why the gun is thicker at this part than other parts for it to withstand pressure. (Ackey, 1971) When the projectile moves up the barrel, it tends to create a space for the gas to expand and on the other hand, the same gas decreases. This same gas is vital as the projectile move away from the muzzle, and this result to a rapid expansion in the air causing a gun fire. This last expansion plus the end of the friction that existed between the projectile and the barrel boosts the projectile so that its maximum velocity is achieved beyond the guns muzzle. In essences, weapons function at different gas pressures for instance shot guns and pistols act at lower pressures while automatic cannons and rifle act at higher pressures. For higher velocities to be achieved, magnum and military pistols ammunitions that are used in sub machine guns are loaded with high pressures than the normal ones. This, therefore, shows that it is dangerous to use these ammunitions in normal guns. Cannon and rifle ammunitions are put to a practical pressure since the barrel risk of tear and wear is taken into consideration as well as chances of the case sticking to the chamber and other technical problems that are likely to occur. The chamber pressure is normally measured in the metric system which uses, Kg/cm2, bar which is an atmospheric pressure measurement also the scientific mgapascal (MPa). These measurements can be converted as; 1MPa=10bar=10.2kg/cm2. The chamber pressure for shot guns is 75-90MPa, for the pistols rounds are 100-240 MPa and for rifle rounds is 310-380 MPa. The extreme loading can be up to 450MPa. In this subfield, bolt thrush is a cartridge element that influence the gun design since it refers to the rearwards push on the gun bolt that is caused by the gun firing. This usually relies on two things; the chamber pressure and the inner diameter of the base of the case. This means that the wider the case to be, the larger the surface area of the pressure to act. Thus, if a cartridge case is long and thin, it can develop the same chamber pressure like a short flat one with twice the internal base area. This short flat one develops twice a bolt thrust than the long thin one, meaning that the greater the bolt thrush the stronger the guns locking mechanisms. In interior ballistics, a suppressor is an indispensable tool since it allows for the expansion of the gas within a controlled manner. This suppressor is attached to the muzzle of the weapon so that during expansion the gas is cooled, the pressure drops, and the ammunition are released slowly by slowly to avoid violent bursting. This explains why suppressors are bulky and if the propellants are more, big suppressors are needed. On the other hand, if a weapon is unsuppressed, the muzzle report becomes a source of noise. Supersonic projectiles with muzzle velocities of over 340m/s generate supersonic cracks which can be heard from far. An example of supersonic projectiles is the rifle ammunition while pistol ammunitions are subsonic. The suppressors have been found to be the best on subsonic ammunitions. When suppressors are used with rifles, the foe can hear the cracking sound but can not establish the direction of origin unless sophisticated equipment is used to detect the direction. (Heard, 2008) In interior ballistics, muzzle energy is developed by the cartridge and is measured in joules. Joules is arrived at by multiplying the weight of the projectile by the square of the muzzle velocity in m/s hence dividing it by 2000 which is a constant. This muzzle energy is generated by a certain amount of a propellant powder, and this relies on the caliber of the weapon. This means that the bigger the caliber, the higher the energy to be produced by a given amount of the powder. The law of diminishing returns applies to the production of muzzle energy since there is a practical limit of the powder in any caliber. This is highlighted by the fact that using a larger cartridge case which has a lot of propellant attains a slighter increase in velocity from the extra powder used. If a cartridge does not use its propellant efficiently, it is normally termed as an over-bore. In conjunction with this, different projectile weights produce different energy levels. Another important element in interior ballistics is the recoil effect which is determined by the gun characteristics and the cartridges ballistics. The recoil impulse of a weapon is usually created when a cartridge is fired. Recoil has two fundamental components namely; the momentum of the projectile and the rocketing effect of the disappearing gas. The recoil of any weapon is calculated by (bullet weight multiplied by muzzle velocity) + (propellant weight multiplied by 1200 m/s). This means that a cartridge firing at 5g bullet at 500m/s it has the same bullet momentum with that firing at 10g bullet at 250 m/s. The recoil caused by the disappearing gas is not easy to calculate since it relies on the relationship that exists between the length of the barrel and the burning features of the powder. This shows that a barrel with a normal length produces high-muzzle velocity which in turn leads to higher recoil through the bullet momentum and vice-versa. Exterior ballistics This is determined by the muzzle velocity and the coefficient of ballistics. The co-efficiency of ballistics is vita; since it establishes the rate at which the projectile slows down. As it goes with the muzzle velocity, it determines the maximum range and the actual moment to fly to any distance. This time of flight then depicts the rate at which it falls as it normally occurs at a constant rate because of the velocity. This co-efficiency of ballistics, the curved path produced, and the gravitational dropping of the projectile is known as trajectory. (Carculli, 2007) In long range shootings, a minimal time flight is recommended since it maximizes the chances of hitting by decreasing thee time of flight and the flattening of the projectiles trajectory. This in turn, enables the projectile to strike the intended target at a higher velocity with an immediate effect. For this to be achieved more propellant is needed and the barrel of the weapon should be longer than the desired. Ballistics co-efficiency is determined by sectional density (SD) and the form factor (FF). Sectional density is the ratio that exists between the projectiles weight and the caliber of the weapon. It is usually calculated by multiplying the projectiles weight by 1.422 then dividing it by the caliber square which is in millimeters. FF is the element which measures the aerodynamic efficiency of the projectiles shape. Thus, it is not easy to calculate unless there are manufacturers data provided. FF varies among the supersonic and the subsonic velocities since the shape that acts best at subsonic speeds are not adept at supersonic velocities. Streamlining can be done at subsonic velocities since drags are caused by low- pressure zones created at the base of the projectile while with supersonic speeds, a nose shaped structure is needed but the rear end do not matter a lot. Addition of tracers helps generate a gas which in turn aids to fill the low-pressure zone at the base of the projecti le thus dragging can be reduced. This in the long run gives them a different trajectory. (Rollins, 2004) Terminal ballistics In terminal ballistics, there are two significant aspects namely; the effect against the armour and the effect of the projectile strike against a soft surface or the target. When a projectile is directed towards a soft surface, it is destabilized as compared to a hard target. The underlying reason is its shape which is towards the centre of gravity of the ammunition is always towards the rear end, and as such prefers naturally to fly when the base is at the fore front. When the bullet is being released and starts travelling base first, it is normally referred to as tumbling. It is a scenario caused when a bullet spins by means of the rifling maintaining the flying bullet tumble at the same time since small bullets tumbles faster than the large ones given that other things are kept constant and equal. Small identical bullets with different internal constructions tumble at different speeds. For instance, a bullet manufacture in Yugoslavia which has a lead core tumbles much faster than a bullet from Russia which is steel cored and uses the same cartridge. Thus, various tricks have been used to improve the chances of a bullet tumbling. For example, the current Russian bullet is 5.45mm, and has a hollow tip while a British one has a light weight tip filler and the weight is concentrated at the rear end of the bullet. On the other hand, if the bullet has a weaker coating, the stresses caused by the tumbling may break this process is termed as fragmentati on and usually enhance the wounding effect caused. Bullets do so when in higher velocities, and this limits them to achieve a longer range especially when fired from carbines of lower muzzle velocities. Thus, fragmentation is not a requirement of any military bullet since 7.62*51 NATO bullet does not fragment while a Germany one do so by accident and not by design (NRA Firearms Fact Book, 3rd edition, 1989). Hunters often have claimed that the striking velocity of the bullet goes higher beyond 700m/s, and the result is that the hydrostatic shock starts to appear and this effect does not replicate itself among the people. There are instances where soldiers have fought continually despite receiving serious wounds from high- speed bullets. Critical shocks impacts only occur if the bullets go beyond the speed of sound in the flesh which is just around 1500m/s. (Karl, 1994) In conjunction to this, there is stopping power which refers to the opponent so that no further fighting continues. Low powered weapons are deadly and more power is needed for it to attain an effective stopping capacity. Hence bullets placement may be significant in achieving this. This is because of it is much effective to hit an immediate area with a low powered bullet than to cause a small injury with high powered weapons. Conclusion In conclusion, ballistics is crucial since it aids in the construction of effective weapons since several measures can be followed. For instance, the size of the caliber, the amount of the propellant powder to be used, the weight of the cartridge and other factors that determine the acceleration of the projectiles. Buy custom Ballistics essay

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A Recent Economic Article - Research Paper Example The article was thereby written to enhance the public’s awareness on the first time that global poverty level has exhibited a decline since the 2005 level. According to the report, much of the decline was to be attributed to the economic progress reflected in China, which disclosed that more than 660 million people were released from the poverty level since 1981. Likewise, it was emphasized that the figures from the report reflected the poorest of the poor, having to contend with subsisting using about $1.25 per day and $2.00 per day, as indicated. C. Personal Verdict: The report was therefore successful in achieve its objective of quantitatively reflecting the decline in the global poverty level using the bar chart and explaining that most of the credit was due from the improved economic conditions in China. As shown, from the 2005 level, there was a decline of 8% in the number of people living below $1.25 per day to its 2008 level. As emphasized, the factors that were contributory to the improved level included improved social programs, counter-cyclical fiscal expansions, and poverty-reduction policies. D. Personal Opinion of the Whole Work: Personally, the results were indeed a fall to cheer or be enthusiastic about since it reflects the seriousness of governments all over the world to address the poverty situations through collaborative economic, fiscal and social programs – which apparently, have succeeded so

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Toms shoes - Case Study Example By offering charity products profits increased. For 2011 alone, TOM’S shoes revenues from selling its shoes and eye care products amounted to $ 110 billion (Fashionbi, 2012). The products include black canvas, Argentina, and winter shoes. TOM’s Shoes’ revenues ensure free eye care to the needy. The corporate customers are all global groups, include those in Cambodia, India and Ethiopia. The distribution partners include SEVA, Visualiza and Childsight. Q3. TOMS shoes’ work strategy is to give away free shoes to the needy children (Youtube, 2013). For every shoe sold in TOM’s Shoes stores, one shoe is given free to the needy children around the world. Domestically, the company gives free shoes to the needy children of the 50 states. In addition, the company delivers free shoes needy children internationally, including Guatemala, Philippines, Tanzania, Uganda, and Pakistan. The benefits of giving away shoes and eyeglasses include making meaning in everyone’s lives, givers and receivers. With the donors’ helping Mycoskie, the poor children wear free shoes. With free shoes, the needy children can walk more comfortably and safely to school and other nearby locations. The company delivers the free shoes to giving partners. The giving partners identify and deliver the free shoes, eyeglasses and eye operations to needy children. Q4. Blake Mycoskie’s principles of entrepreneurship include creating demand for its quality products and services (TOMS, 2014). Mycoskie learned that business should be pure for profit and not for profit entities can engage in profit-generating activities. TOM’s Shoes both generates profits and contributes to charitable activities. Mycoskie’s management discipline is grounded on delivering quality shoe and eyeglass products and services. Mycoskie insists that resourcefulness (looking for eager donors of shoes and eye glass) and simplicity (delivering quality products and

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Risk Manahement - Essay Example These strategies are forward contracts, futures contracts, swaps, call options, collars etc. All these strategies have significant strengths and weaknesses, which needs to be efficiently balanced by firms. This paper illuminates the impact of commodity price risk on the firms as well the significance of hedging such risk. It also analyzes different hedging strategies used by companies and their strengths and weaknesses. Hedging constitutes one of the most important financial decisions of any firm. It refers to different ways through which a company can minimize its exposure to various kinds of risks. Fuel represents a crucial cost in the total airline expenditure and thus fuel price risk has a great impact on the earnings and cash flows of airlines. Any drastic increase in oil prices can adversely affect cash flows. Effective hedging strategies are imperative for airlines to minimize the variability of cash flows due to volatility in oil price (Carter, Rogers. and Simkins, 2003). This is why almost firms use various hedging strategies to protect their cash flow from variations resulting out of oil price fluctuations. Froot, Scharfstein and Stein propound that "if a firm does not hedge, there will be some variability in the cash flows generated by assets in place." (1993, p. 1630) A non-hedging airline is also likely to be greatly vulnerable to any change in fuel market price. Because of effectiveness of hedging in commodity price risk manageme... that "for a given level of debt, hedging can reduce the probability that a firm will find itself in a situation where it is unable to repay that debt." (1993, p. 1632) This is one of the greatest benefits of using hedging strategies to manage commodity price risk. These strategies assure management that even if the commodity price moves in the unfavourable direction, it will not have a great impact of firm's earnings and cash flows. Forward contracts are the most common hedging strategies used by firms. Southwest airlines managed its exposure to oil price risk in the year 2005 with the help of forward contracts and successfully enhanced its earnings. On the contrary, in the same year other airlines like Delta and United Airlines faced great difficulties. However, there is high credit risk involved in hedging strategy using forward contracts. Froot, Scharfstein and Stein elaborate that "because they are not settled until maturity, forwards can involve substantially more credit risk than futures." (1993, p. 1649) Forwards have a distinctive feature as compared to the futures contract that they cannot be settled before maturity date. Hence, on one hand forwards strategy helps firms to considerably minimize their exposure to commodity price risk, it also leads to significant credit risk. Futures contract is another most commonly used strategy that firms can use to hedge against the commodity price risk. Veld-Merkoulova and de Roon (2003) illuminate a 'nave' strategy which relies on short term futures contracts for the purpose of hedging long term position in the spot market when the size of both the positions are the same. Under this hedging strategy, the futures contract is closed on the same date as that of the spot contract if futures contract has a maturity date

Quantitative Research Theory Essay Example for Free

Quantitative Research Theory Essay The purpose of the quantitative method is used when measuring the incidence of multiple views and opinions in a singular chosen sample and how it may be used in nursing practice. The quantitative method is often followed by the qualitative method, used to observe further findings. Its objective is to appraise data and conclude results from sample populations of interest. Quantitative methods highlight the importance on objective measures and numerical analysis of data gathered through questionnaires, surveys, and/or surveys. This method of researching focuses on collecting numerical information and generalizing the data across groups of individuals. Quantitative research is an objective, formal, rigorous, systematic process for creating numerical data in regards to the world. The quantitative method of conducting research is often used to describe new situations, events, or concepts and determine the effectiveness of treatments in the world. There are four types of quantitative research methods such as: descriptive research, correlation research, quasi-experimental research, and experimental research. Quantitative research is necessary in developing knowledge vital for evidence-based nursing practices. Conducting quantitative research requires rigor and control. Rigorous research provides credibility and worth. When collecting data disciplined techniques much like on-street interviews, online questionnaires, or telephone interviews should be used. Sampling sizes typically occur when using larger numbers of cases representing populations of interest, randomly selected respondents. Findings of statistical data are conclusive and definitive typically descriptive in its nature. Things to keep in mind when utilizing the quantitative method and reporting the results of a study. An explanation of the statistical treatment and data collected as relevant results are produced coinciding to the research issue under investigation. Chronologically log all unanticipated events that take place during the data collecting stage. Provide an explanation of the techniques used to gather and present v alid and credible data information. Select a sufficient  statistical procedure; provide an account for the selected use and references for such. Describe assumptions for all research procedures and the efforts taken to ensure that they haven’t been violated. If using presumed statistics, descriptive statistics should be provided, confidence intervals, and sample sizes for each variable to include the value of test statistics, the direction, the significance level, and the degrees of freedom. When avoiding the use of inferring causality in particular non-randomized designs or without additional experimentation. The use of tables to provide exact value uses figures conveying global effects. In quantitative research, the objective is to determine the connection between two things, the independent and dependent variable in populations. Its designs are either descriptive or experimental. The descriptive design subjects are typically measured once, whereas experimental subjects are measured before and after treatment. The descriptive study creates associations only between variables. The experimental design, however, establi shes causality. The main characteristics are to classify features, construct statistical models, and count them in an attempt to detail what has occurred and what is observed. The research deals in logic and the objective, numbers, focusing on logic, unchanging static data and detailed, convergent reasoning as oppose to divergent reasoning. Once data has been collected in the quantitative research method, decisions must be made on how the use of information gathered can be altered to offer recommendations. Individuals compare primary focuses on basic quantitative and qualitative methodologies; qualitative methodologies investigate categories and themes of collected input, while quantitative methodologies confirm validity and reliability of the gathered statistics. The objective of this form of research is to populate gaps with knowledge. This nature of knowing is referenced often as ontology versus epistemology. Ontology is in regards to the world’s existence and in what form. Epistemology is simply described as how you know what you know. In ontological quantitative methods, an altered reality occurs in which it can be measured and appreciated to a certain degree of efficiency. In epistemology quantitative research, the process is done through objective observations and measurements. Methodology research is subjective to various ethical implications. Aside from the element of deception that is included, individuals involved in a controlled group may  have a disadvantage when the outcome of treatment or interventions is unclear or believed to be underlying to existing regimens. There are ethical considerations dependent on the form of study. In example, if a study is done on evaluating the effectiveness of an epinephrine auto-injector. It would be unethical to withhold or deny interventions for individuals within the controlled group. The ethics of methodology research demands careful assessments of the benefits and risks that may occur and that information is gathered and delivered to participants during the process of gathering informed consent. A generalized guideline is viewed as â€Å"the degree of risk to be taken by those participating in the research should never exceed the potential humanitarian benefits of the knowledge to be gained†. In conclusion, the quantitative method measures the incidence of multiple views and opinions in a singular chosen sample. The quantitative method is sometimes followed by the qualitative research, which is used to observe further findings. The method of researching focuses on collecting numerical information and generalizing the data across groups of individuals. Reference Babbie, Earl R (2010). The Practice of Social Research. Retrieved from:http://libguides.usc.edu/content.php?pid=83009sid=615867 Glesne, C. (2006). Becoming qualitative researchers: An introduction (3rd ed.). Retrieved from:http://www.nursingcenter.com/lnc/journalarticle?Article_ID=737387 Polit, D.F., Hungler, B.P. (1999) Nursing Research: Principles and Methods (6th ed).Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott. Snap Surveys (2014). Qualitative vs Quantitative Research. Retrieved from:http://www.snapsurveys.com/qualitative-quantitative-research/